Apparatus for use in testing solutions



Feb. 26,1935.

M. W. BADEN APPARATUS FOR USE IN TESTING SOLUTIONS Filed Sept. 4, 1931 1vuentot Marat) M Baden Cozueq Patented Feb. 26, 1935 UNITED sTATEsParser,.orFEE;-

APPARATILJSJFOR USE IN TESTING j "SOLUTIONS Mar'tin Baden, Winfield,Kans; Application September 4, 1931, Serial No. :561,297

*2 Claims. (01. 219-38 This invention relates to' improvements. inmethods and apparatus for the rapid evaporation of aqueous or volatilesolutions, etc.

In order that the invention may be clearly un- 5 derstood, reference mayfirst be made to the prior methods employed in making water analyses andthe corrosion and gum test of gasoline and naphtha. In making wateranalyses, the following method is used in most laboratories. The sampleis obtained. in a one-half or one gallon bottle, and the analyses are.madeof the filtered samples, the results being reportedin either partsper million, or grains per gallon. Forexample, to ascertain the totalsolids, a 50 cc. sample of the water is placed in a dish whichin turn isput in a steam bath until the sample is evaporated to dryness, and thenthe dish is put over to dry. This method requires about 4 to 6 hoursforthe evaporation on the steam bath, and then an addi- .'tional twohours in an oven at about 180 F.; making a total of about sixto eighthours for analyzing a 50 cc. sample In accordance with my invention,superior results can'be obtained in making such an. analysis in aboutone or two hours.

Heretofore, inmaking corrosion and gum tests of gasoline and naphtha,100 cos. of gasoline ornaphtha are placed in a freshly polishedhemispherical dish of spun copper, approximately 3 in a steam bath untilall volatile portions or the hydrocarbons have disappeared. If thesample contains any dissolved elementary sulphur, the bottom of the dishwill be blackened,and if it contains an undesirable gum forming contentthere will be a weighable'amount of gum deposited on the dish. Such aproposed method has never been accepted as absolutely standard, as thesteam contaminates the gum with moisture, and the copper dish oxidizeson the exterior, which imparts an added weight to the dish..Consequently, it is very difiicult to ever make an'accurate check, dueto the above causes. I

In my United States patent application Serial No. 449,339, filed May2nd, 1930, I have disclosed a method and apparatus for overcoming thesedifficulties, and this is done mainly by eliminating the steam bath andprocuring the evaporation by directly heating the contents of the testdish from a point above the same.

The primary purpose of the present invention is to improve the processand apparatus or said application, mainly by employing the heater toheat a coil through which air is forced, and then directing this heatedair into the sample in the inches in diameter, and then this dish isplaced.

test dish. .By using sucha coil, I not only obtain heat units directlyfrom the heater on the sample to be evaporated, (dehydrated), butalsosecure the evaporating effect of hot or warm air. With regard to theuseof air for gum test, atten- 5 tion is directed to'an article in theOiland Gas Journal of'July 16, 1931. 1 1 With the foregoing objectsoutlined and with other: objects in View which will appear. as thedescription proceeds, the invention consists in W the novel featureshereinafter.describedindetail, illustrated in the accompanying drawing,and more particularly pointedout in the appended claims. i

In the drawing,

Fig. l isa side elevation of one form of apparatus which I have devisedior my purpose Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectionalview or the same, and v iFig.3 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of the same. I

For the purpose of disclosing the present invention, I have selected'theelectric heating device and method of my prior application-butsI desireto be understoodthatinthe present in- 25 vention, I may also use agasburner and plate or the like, as disclosed in said application, insteadof an electric heater.

In the drawing, 4 indicates any suitable base from which rises a post 5which supports a ver- 30 tically adjustable bracket 6'that may besecured at any desired height along the post by a thumbscrew 7. Thebracket hasa laterally extending arm 8 which carries an extension 9arranged at right angles thereto, and this extension in turn supports adepending vertical rod 10.

'A' dish supporting bracketll is adjustably secured on the'rod by meansof'a thumb screw, 12, and carries the dish 13 in which the sample isplaced. If the device is to be used in testing gasoline or naphtha,suchdish is preferably hemi spherical in shape and formed of spuncopper. Adjustably mounted on the rod 10 above the bracket 12, is aheater supporting bracket 14 which maybe held at various elevations-rela tively to the dish by means of a thumb screw 15.

16 designates any suitable form of heating device from which the heatmay radiate downwardly into the dish 13, andfor the purpose ofdisclosing the present invention, the heater is shown as of the electrictype, and includes an internal resistance coil 1'7 receiving currentfrom the wires 18 which may lead to any suitable source ofelectricity. Ahandle-19 on the casing of the vapors to freely escape between them.

heater may be employed in raising or lowering the same after the screw15 is loosened.

In the present invention, an air coil 20 is associated with the heater,and I prefer to arrange this coil on the exterior of the heater and tomake the casing of the latter of heat conducting material, so that heatradiated horizontally from the heater will heat the air which is forcedinto the coil through its inlet 21 by any suitable means, such as a pump(not shown). The outlet of the coil is shown at 22, and it is in theform of anozzle positioned at the center of the bottom of the heater, sothat the heated air discharged from the coil will be directeddownwardlyinto the central portion of the dish 13.

I prefer to arrange a valve 23 on the coil to control the volume of airfed to the dish.

In making a water analysis with this apparatus, a filtered sample of 50cos. of water for example, is placed in the dish 13, and the latter isarranged on the bracket 11. Then the heater 16 is lowered to a desiredelevationrela tively to the dish, and if the current is on, the heatradiated downwardly into the dish will evaporate the contents of thedish to dryness in about one hour. If a flame heated plate is employedinstead of the electric heater, the sample may be dehydrated in abouttwo hours.

If the apparatus is used for a corrosion and gum test of gasoline ornaphtha, a cc. sample of such hydrocarbons can be placed in the dish,and then the heater may be employed to radiate heat downwardly into thesample for evaporating the same to dryness. If the gasoline contains anydissolved elementary sulphur, the bottom of the copper dish will beblackened, and if it has-an undesirable gum forming content, there willbe a weighable amount of gum deposited on the dish, and these resultswill be obtained with out any oxidation on the outside of the dish, orany contamination of the contents due to moisture or oxidation.

In analyzing water, it is unnecessary to use the aircoil, but in the gumtest, I, of course, forceair throug-h'the coil and then direct thisheated air into the dish.

While I have disclosed what I prefer to be a preferred embodiment ,ofthe invention in such manner that the same may be readily understood bythose skilled in the art, I am aware that changes may bemade inthedetails without departing from the spirit of the invention,asexpressed in the claims. 1'

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an apparatus of the character described, an open top dish tocontain a solution to be evaporated, heat generating means arrangedentirely above the dish and adapted to direct heat into the dish fromabove the latter, and means heated bythe heat generating means forintroducing a stream 'of air into the dish from a point above thelatter, said heat generatingmeans and the top of the dish being spacedapart 2. In an apparatus of the character described,

heated by the latter for to allow.

an open top dish to contain a solution to be evaporated, heat generatingmeans arranged above the dish and adapted to direct heat into the dishfrom above the latter, means for introducing a stream of air into thedish from a point above the latter, and means for raising and loweringthe dish relatively to said heat generating means.

3. In an apparatus of thecharacter'described, an open top dish tocontain a solution to be evaporated, heat generating means arrangedabove the dish and adapted to direct heat into the dish from above thelatter, means for introducing a stream of air into the dish from a pointabove the latter, and means for adjustably supporting the heatgenerating means at various elevations relatively to said dish.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, anopen top dish tocontain a solution to be evaporated, heat generating means arrangedabove the dish and adapted to direct heat into the dish from above thelatter, and means for introducing a stream of air into the dish from apoint above the latter, the means for introducing air into the dishincluding a coil associated with the heat generating means and heatingthe air flowing through the coil.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, anopen top dish tocontain a solution to be evaporated, heat generating means arrangedabove the dish and adapted to direct heat into the dish from above thelatter, means for introducing a stream of air into the dish from a pointabove the latter, the means for introducing air to direct heat into thedish from above the latter, means for adjustably supporting the heatgenerating means on said rod, and means supported by the heat generatingmeans for introducing a streamof air into the dish from a point abovethe latter. I 7. An apparatus of the character described comprising anopen top dish to contain a solu-' tion to be evaporated, heat generatingmeans arranged above the dishand adapted to direct heat into the dishfrom above the latter, said meansbeing spaced from the topof the dish toallow the free escape of vapors between them, a noz zlearranged belowthe heat generating means for introducing a stream of air into the dishfrom a point above the latter, and an air passageway heated by the heatgenerating means andterminating in said nozzle.

' MARTIN W. BADEN.

